• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    CRANE. The present invention relates to a crane, in particular, a tower crane with a rotatable boom about an axis of vertical rotation mechanism and an out-of-service brake, which allows and delays the rotation movement of the boom in an out of service condition. According to the invention, the out-of-service brake is formed to operate as a function of rotational speed, so that at a higher rotational speed of the crane, the braking torque applied is greater than at a lower rotational speed of the crane.
    公开号:BR102013024528B1
    申请号:R102013024528-3
    申请日:2013-09-24
    公开日:2020-12-08
    发明作者:Joachim Mayer
    申请人:Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a crane, in particular, a tower crane, having a boom that rotates around a vertical geometric axis of a rotation mechanism, and an out-of-service brake, which allows and slows rotating boom movements in an out of service condition.
    [002] On tower cranes, but also on other types of crane, the boom is rotatable about an axis of vertical rotation mechanism, where a rotation mechanism, provided for this purpose, may include a rotational drive device, for example, an electric motor, whose driving action is converted into a rotating movement of the boom, through a transmission of the rotation mechanism, for example, a planetary transmission. In the so-called top slewing crane, the boom rotates in relation to the tower supporting the boom, while in the bottom slewing crane the entire tower rotates with the boom in relation to a base Support.
    [003] In the operation of the crane, the rotating movements are controlled through a corresponding actuation of the rotation actuator, where to brake and also to fix the crane rotationally in a certain rotation position, a rotation mechanism brake is provided. For safety reasons, brakes of the rotation mechanism can usually be provided so as to keep the brake in the braking operating position, for example, by means of a spring, and relieved by an actuator to allow rotation.
    [004] In a non-operating condition, that is, the out-of-service condition, where the crane is off, it is desirable, however, that it be able to rotate to align with the wind direction, for the most favorable rotational position with respect to the respective wind direction. Because the tower cranes, because of the ballast, are much more stable with respect to the inclination in the plane of the boom than with respect to an inclination transverse to the plane of the boom, which runs vertically through the boom, the crane must be aligned, so that the boom is positioned parallel to the wind direction, as much as possible, since, otherwise, it runs the risk of tipping over, or it would have to be ballasted additionally. In order to allow such automatic alignment with the wind direction, a wind release device associated with the service brake or rotation mechanism brake is provided to relieve the brake, which is usually in the braking position, when it is in condition out of service. The out-of-service position of the rotation mechanism's brake can be adjusted by a manual control lever, and possibly also by a motorized device that moves the brake actuator to a non-braking position before shutting down the crane. Such a brake wind release device from the rotation mechanism of a tower crane can be seen in EP 14 22 188 B1.
    [005] In unfavorable wind conditions, however, the free rotation of the crane in an out of service condition may suffer instabilities due to self-rotation. For example, when the crane is positioned between two buildings, and only one boom or counterbalance is exposed to the wind, then only one boom or counterbalance is unilaterally hit by the wind, through which the crane rotates faster and faster, one since it does not stop when the boom is hidden from the wind, or before the counter balance is exposed to the wind, so that the amplification of this cyclic application can make the crane turn, and even turn it too fast, even tipping over -there.
    [006] To avoid undesirable self-rotation, it has already been proposed to allow the rotation mechanism to rotate in a way that is not fully unlocked in the out of service condition, but to provide an additional brake to the rotation mechanism, which allows the crane to rotate under action of the wind, but slowing it down slightly to mitigate the auto-rotation problem. For example, it was considered that providing a light out-of-service brake at the transmission output of the rotation mechanism, which applies a limited braking torque against the crane's rotation, less than the torque generated by the wind, so that the crane still be able to align with the wind direction, but be able to rotate with a small rotational speed.
    [007] An additional brake, however, is difficult to design in terms of braking torque, as it must be equally suitable for different wind conditions and different crane positions. For example, with a moderate wind, too high a braking torque can prevent the crane from aligning properly, while in unfavorable wind conditions, with high speed wind, the same braking torque is not able to sufficiently prevent the self-rotation. In tower cranes with windward boom, the position exposed to the wind in which the boom was switched off, can also affect the required braking torque.
    [008] Therefore, it is an objective of the present invention to create an improved crane of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, and develops the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, in difficult wind conditions and various crane configurations during shutdown, self-rotation should be prevented for safety reasons, as it jeopardizes its stability, but at the same time, free crane alignment must be allowed with the wind direction.
    [009] According to the invention, said objective is achieved with a crane according to claim 1. Preferred aspects of the invention constitute the main subject of the dependent claims.
    [010] Thus it is proposed to provide the so-called out of service brake, so that the braking torque is adapted to the requirements of variable conditions of an out of service condition. When conditions are such that the crane's rotation threatens to be amplified for dangerous self-rotation, a higher braking torque is applied. When, however, the crane does not align sufficiently or only slowly to a preferred position with respect to the wind, the braking torque is switched off, or only a small braking torque is applied. According to the invention, the out-of-service brake is provided to operate as a function of rotational speed, so that at a higher rotational speed, the applied braking torque is greater than at a lower rotational speed. When the crane does not turn, it can align very slowly with the direction of the wind, and the braking will not be applied or applied only very slightly, while, on the other hand, the braking will be applied pronouncedly, when the crane turns or starts spinning too fast. As a result, the crane, on the one hand, will always be able to turn to align more favorably with the wind direction, while, on the other hand, preventing the amplification of autorotation.
    [011] With respect to speed dependence, the out-of-service brake can be designed differently in principle, and, for example, a uniform proportional dependence can be provided, so that by increasing the rotational speed of the crane, the braking torque is continuously increased. Alternatively, a braking torque can also be provided that increases incrementally, in particular, so that with a crane rotational speed less than a predetermined speed limit, the out-of-service brake does not apply any braking torque or just a very small braking torque, which, until reaching the aforementioned limit rotational speed of the crane, can be constant, or increase very slightly, while exceeding the aforementioned pre-determined rotational speed of the crane, a significantly greater braking torque is provided and / or stronger braking torque on a step. According to the development of the invention, mixed forms of said continuous ascent and said incremental ascent can be provided, for example, so that, up to a predetermined rotational speed of the crane, no braking torque or very small braking torque it will be applied, for example, while exceeding the aforementioned rotational speed of the crane, a distinctly higher braking torque, which increases with the rotational speed will be applied to it.
    [012] According to a development of the invention, the aforementioned out-of-service brake is provided to operate without current and / or actuable without external energy. It is possible that in a condition of the crane off or out of service, the out of service brake is ready for operation, and can be operated without additional power sources, such as batteries or a main connection.
    [013] According to a development of the invention, the aforementioned out-of-service brake may comprise a centrifugal brake, which converts the crane's rotation into centrifugal forces that cause the brake to act. In particular, the centrifugal brake may comprise counterweights, which are placed in a position of no application, in particular, in a radially retracted position, by means of a spring, and are connected to brake pads in the braking position, when there is a sufficient centrifugal force.
    [014] By adjusting the aforementioned pressure means, which keep the counterweights in their initial position, the response of the centrifugal brake or the rotational speed at which the brake operates can be controlled, where the pressure means, in particular, can be adjusted, so that with a slow rotation of the crane, the brake does not respond, and the crane aligns freely with the wind direction. When the spring force outweighs the centrifugal forces, the braking effect will be felt, where, with an additionally increasing rotational speed of the crane, due to the increase in the intensity of the centrifugal forces, the braking force or braking torque additionally increases.
    [015] Advantageously, the counterweights of the centrifugal brake, or brake rotor connected to them, can be connected to the transmission train of the rotation mechanism, which also turns, when the crane turns, while the stationary brake part (stator), which can be a brake cylinder engaged by the brake pads, can be mounted in a rotationally fixed or fixable manner.
    [016] In an alternative development of the invention, the brake out of service can also be provided as a viscous brake / clutch or include it. Such a viscous clutch operates according to a hydrodynamic principle and transmits torque between two rotating parts in a hydrodynamic manner. In particular, the viscous clutch may comprise a disk part, rotationally accommodated in a housing part, filled with fluid, which, due to the rotation of the disks in relation to the housing part, presses the disks, resulting that, with increased rotational speed relative, an increasing moment of resistance is generated ie, viscous or fluid clutch stator and rotor can be rotated slowly easily, while increasing resistance is applied against faster rotating movements.
    [017] Advantageously, the viscous brake / clutch disk part is provided as a rotor or connected to the transmission train of the rotation mechanism which also rotates with the rotation of the crane, so that the disk rotates according to the rotational speed the crane. The viscous brake / clutch housing part, on the other hand, is arranged stationary or rotationally fixed. Correspondingly, the aforementioned effect or speed dependency can be used in order to apply, in the desired mode, a stronger braking torque against a faster rotation of the crane than against a slower rotation of the crane.
    [018] In principle, the out-of-service brake can act or be connected to different points on the transmission train of the rotation mechanism. According to a development of the invention, the out-of-service brake can be connected to the fast side of a transmission of the rotation mechanism, in particular, to a portion of the transmission train between the driving motor and the transmission input shaft or wheel . When a planetary transmission is used as a rotation mechanism transmission, the aforementioned out-of-service brake can be connected between the central pinion (sun gear) on the input side of the rotation mechanism transmission and the driving motor.
    [019] According to a development of the invention, the aforementioned out-of-service brake can be switched off during crane operation, so as not to prevent / hinder rotation during crane operation or not to apply an unwanted resistance to rotation in the event of a desired crane rotation. In principle, the brake can be switched out of service during crane operation in different ways. For example, when a viscous brake / clutch, as mentioned above, is used embedded in the transmission train, between the driving motor and the transmission of the rotation mechanism, the deactivation means may comprise a bridge (jumper), through which the said viscous brake / clutch is released, so that the movement of the driving motor passes to the output shaft or gear of the transmission train without being affected by the action of the viscous brake / clutch. The bridge, for example, can comprise a replaceable connector, which non-rotationally connects the disc part with the viscous brake / clutch housing part, so that the torque is transmitted directly; and without hydrodynamic displacement.
    [020] Alternatively, this incorporation between the driving motor and the transmission of the rotation mechanism, the viscous brake / clutch can also be connected to the transmission of the rotation mechanism as a derivation, for example, through a parallel axis, where, in this case, the the housing part can be arranged rigidly mounted or fixed, while the rotor or disk part can be connected to the transmission of the rotation mechanism, for example, for example, to its central pinion through said parallel axis. To deactivate the viscous brake / clutch during crane operation, the deactivation means may comprise a clutch means, whereby the rotor disc portion may comprise a clutch means, whereby the disc or rotor portion may be decoupled from the transmission of the rotation mechanism. Alternatively or additionally, the clutch means can also be used to release the viscous brake / clutch housing part, so that the viscous brake / clutch rotates freely for crane operation.
    [021] When a centrifugal brake is used as an out-of-service brake, it can be connected in the same way to the transmission train between the driving motor and the transmission of the rotation mechanism or output shaft of the rotation mechanism, in this In this case, the deactivation means for deactivating the brake out of service for crane operation, similarly can comprise a locking means, which can block or stop the movement of the counterweights or brake pads, so that they no longer move in the position of braking. In particular, the locking means can retain the counterweights in the pressed initial position, so that even under the influence of a centrifugal force, it can no longer press outwards. In principle, however, it may also be sufficient to merely block the movement to an extent where brake intervention is no longer possible. The locking means here can be provided differently, for example, in the form of a socket pin or sliding sleeve, which keeps the counterweights in the non-braking position.
    [022] Alternatively or in addition to counterweight locking, the centrifugal brake can be deactivated, as the brake cylinder is switched off. In particular, the brake cylinder can be mounted axially movable, for example to be guided in a mobile manner, not rotationally, but axially, in a toothed or keyed profile, so that the brake cylinder moves away from the action of counterweights and brake pads mounted on them, so that the counterweights press the brake pads towards the void. Alternatively or additionally, the deactivation means can comprise a clutch, by means of which the fixable brake cylinder can be released, so that it can rotate freely, when the brake pads are applied and produce a braking effect.
    [023] Alternatively, the centrifugal brake can also be provided not directly to the drive train between the driving motor and the rotating mechanism output shaft, but it can also be connected to the drive train via a bypass. In this case, the deactivation means, as described above for the viscous brake / clutch, may comprise a coupling means for decoupling the rotor connected to the rotating mechanism transmission train and / or the fixed centrifugal brake stator, for either decoupling all the centrifugal force clutch of the transmission train or release the fixed brake stator, so that the centrifugal brake rotates freely, if necessary.
    [024] According to an advantageous development of the invention, the aforementioned out-of-service brake can be provided in addition to a service brake with a normal rotation mechanism, which is used during crane operation to delay the rotational movement of the crane or keep the crane in a rotational position. In contrast to this rotating mechanism service brake, the out-of-service brake can be designed so that it does not keep the crane in a certain rotational position, but merely delays the rotational movement, for example, by the action of the wind. This can be achieved, in particular, by the fact that the out-of-service brake only applies a limited torque, distinctly less than the service brake torque. For example, the out-of-service brake can be designed to apply about 1/6 to 2/3, preferably about 40% to 60%, of the maximum braking force of the rotating mechanism service brake. For example, when the service brake rotation mechanism is designed to generate a braking torque of 80 Nm, the brake out of service to apply a maximum braking torque to the crane's rotational speed, usually obtained under the action of the wind, can apply about 40 Nm. Depending on the type of crane and conditions of use, other braking torque values can certainly be accepted, where, in many conditions of use, the maximum braking force applied by the brake out of service can be about 50% of the maximum braking force of the rotating mechanism's service brake.
    [025] According to a development of the invention, the aforementioned deactivation means for deactivating the brake out of service for crane operation, may comprise a device actuated manually, which provides deactivation and / or manual activation of the brake out of service. Alternatively or in addition to such a manual actuation device, an actuator actuated by means of external energy, can be associated with the out-of-service brake, whereby deactivation and activation of the out-of-service brake can be carried out by external energy. For example, an electric motor can provide reciprocal movement to the aforementioned bridge to switch the brake out of service between a connected position and an unconnected position, or move a rotation lock means to block the rotation of the brake parts out of service with each other, to the locked position or to the unlocked position and / or to engage and disengage the aforementioned coupling means to disengage the brake from service.
    [026] The invention, below, will be explained in detail with reference to the preferred exemplary configurations, in connection with the drawings, in which:
    [027] Fig. 1 shows a partial perspective representation of a tower crane, according to an advantageous configuration of the invention, which is formed as a top rotation crane, including a rotation mechanism for rotating the boom relative to the tower;
    [028] Fig. 2 shows a schematic main cross-sectional view of the rotation mechanism of the tower crane of Fig. 1, showing the electric motor, the service brake of the rotation mechanism associated with it, and the transmission of the rotation mechanism connected to the driving motor, the additional out-of-service brake being provided between the transmission of the rotation mechanism and the driving motor;
    [029] Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the out-of-service brake integrated with the rotation mechanism of Fig. 2, which, according to Fig. 3, is formed as a centrifugal brake, comprising a brake ring to disable the brake out of service;
    [030] Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an out-of-service brake in the form of a centrifugal brake, according to an additional configuration of the invention, which can be electrically deactivated by means of an electromagnet;
    [031] Fig. 5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of an out-of-service brake in the form of a centrifugal brake, according to an additional configuration of the invention, including a circuit to block counterweights, which can be deactivated by blocking the counterweights;
    [032] Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an additional out-of-service brake in the form of a viscous brake / clutch, according to an additional configuration of the invention, where the viscous brake / clutch is integrated with the drive train. transmission, between the driving motor and the rotation mechanism transmission;
    [033] Fig. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the viscous brake / clutch of Fig. 6, showing the part of the disc and part of the clutch housing and the torque transmission path;
    [034] Fig. 8 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the viscous brake / clutch and selector sleeve associated with it to release or block the viscous brake / clutch;
    [035] Fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a clutch, electrically or electromagnetically actuated, to switch on / off the viscous brake / clutch, according to an additional configuration of the invention; and
    [036] Fig. 10 shows a partial sectional schematic representation of the out-of-service brake connection in the form of viscous brake / clutch not directly integrated into the transmission train, between the driving motor and the transmission of the rotation mechanism, but connected via a transmission bypass, where the brake out of service can be switched on / off by a magnetic clutch.
    [037] As shown in Fig. 1, the concrete crane can be a tower crane 1 formed as a top slewing crane, whose tower supports the boom 3 and counterbalance 4, which extend substantially horizontally, and are rotatable relative to each other. to tower 2 around a vertical tower geometrical axis 5. Instead of the crane configuration shown in Fig. 1, tower crane 1, however, could also be formed as a base rotation crane and / or comprise tapered boom windward and / or affixed to the base of the tower by means of mooring.
    [038] To be able to rotate the boom 3, a rotation mechanism 6 is provided, which, in the illustrated configuration, is located at the upper end of the tower 2 between the boom 3 and the tower 2, and can comprise a crown (ring gear), to which a gear driven by the driving motor 2 is engaged.
    [039] An advantageous configuration of the drive means of the rotation mechanism 6 is shown in Fig. 2, and may comprise an electric driving motor 2 that moves an output shaft 16 via transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, where an arrangement of the components of the rotation mechanism 6 can be provided so that the output shaft 16 is arranged parallel, in particular, coaxial with the axis of the driving motor 2. In an advantageous configuration, the aforementioned transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6 can be a planetary transmission, to decrease / increase the speed of the driving motor 2, to an output shaft speed 16 in the desired way.
    [040] To be able to delay the rotating movements of the boom 3 during crane operation and / or to maintain a rotational position of the boom 3, the rotation mechanism 6 comprises a service brake 8 of the rotation mechanism 6 which advantageously can be arranged on the transmission input side 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, in particular, associated with the driving motor 2 to brake it or keep it in a certain position. The service brake 8, as shown in Fig. 2, for example, can be arranged on one side of the drive motor 2, opposite transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6 and seat or engage an extended drive shaft extension through the drive motor 2. In a manner known per se, the service brake 8 can comprise a friction disc or multi-disc brake means, pressed into the braking position by a pressure means, and can be released by an electric actuator, for example, a electromagnet, to release the brake.
    [041] In addition to the service brake 8, the rotation mechanism 6 comprises an out-of-service brake 10 which should stop movements of the boom 3 in the out of service condition of the disconnected crane, but must allow it to provide self-alignment crane or boom 3 under wind loads. Depending on the formation of the out-of-service brake 10, the service brake 8 can be released, that is, released by a wind release device in the out of service condition or also remain in the depressed braking position, in which the driving motor 7 is blocked, so that, in this case, the wind release device can be omitted to relieve the service brake.
    [042] The service brake 10 can advantageously be integrated with the rotation mechanism 6 between the driving motor 2 and the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, or connected to a portion of the transmission train 7 of the rotation mechanism 6 between the driving motor 7 and the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6. This allows to use a compact arrangement, while simultaneously using the speed increase and torque reduction of the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6 for the out of service brake 10.
    [043] As shown in Fig. 3, the out-of-service brake 10 can be formed as a centrifugal brake, comprising a hub seated on the transmission shaft of the rotation mechanism 6, on which radially moving counterweights 17 with brake pads are mounted 18, so that, during the rotation of the brake hub, the counterweights 17 with the brake pads 18 move radially outward. Through the pressure means, preferably in the form of a spring means, the counterweights 17 are pressed radially inward to the non-braking position, so that the braking effect starts only from a predetermined rotation, when the forces centrifuges are large enough to overcome the spring force.
    [044] The brake pads 18 mounted on the counterweights 17 cooperate with the brake stator in the form of a brake cylinder 19, not rotatably mounted, for example, connected non-rotatably to the housing of the rotation mechanism 6.
    [045] To be able to deactivate the centrifugal brake for regular crane operation, the aforementioned brake cylinder 19 can be formed so that it is axially adjustable, so that it moves away from the action range of the counterweights 17 or the brake pads mounted on it. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 3, the brake cylinder 19 can be mounted not pivotally, but axially movable in the rotation mechanism housing 6 via toothing 20. Axial adjustment can be carried out either manually via a manual actuation device 21, which, for example, comprises an adjustment lever extending in an inclined groove and / or being adjusted axially by means of a drive device, for example, in the form of an electric and / or electromagnet spindle driver, for example , so that the brake cylinder 19 is brought to the braking position by a pressure means to assume the desired position in the out of service condition of the disconnected crane, where, energizing an electromagnet, the brake cylinder 19 is moved to the deactivated position so as not to prevent desired rotating movements during crane operation.
    [046] As shown in Fig. 4, deactivation of the centrifugal brake can also be achieved without axial adjustment of the brake cylinder 19, in particular due to the fact that the brake cylinder 19 is rotatably mounted. The deactivation means 11, in this case, advantageously includes a coupling means 14 through which the brake cylinder 19 can be fixed, so as not to rotate, or released, that is, be driven to rotate. For this purpose, said coupling means 14, for example, may comprise an axial coupling whose axially adjustable coupling part 22 is pressed by a pressure device, for example, in the form of a spring means, to the engaged position, i.e. that is, the position that blocks the brake cylinder 19, by an actuator, for example, in the form of electromagnet 23, can be disengaged, that is, taken to a position that no longer blocks the brake cylinder 19.
    [047] In this configuration, the counterweights 17 and brake pads 18, attached to them, can still engage the brake cylinder 19. When the coupling is disengaged, however, it no longer provides the braking effect, since the cylinder brake 19 is no longer locked and rotates freely.
    [048] As shown in the two views (a) and (b) of Fig. 5, the centrifugal brake can also be disabled by the fact that counterweights 17 are blocked in their movement, to an extent where they are prevented from moving into position braking. The deactivation means 11 can comprise retention means, for example, in the form of a socket pin, which can retain the counterweights 17 in a non-braking position. As shown in Fig. 5 (a), said retaining means can comprise an axially adjustable rod 24 which can engage a recess in the respective counterweight 17 so that it can no longer be moved out to the braking position. However, when the aforementioned rod 24 or corresponding holding means, which can also be a glove or the like, is activated to disengage the counterweights 17 (as shown in Fig. 5 (b)), due to the corresponding axial adjustment, the counterweights 17, again, can operate and brake as usual.
    [049] An alternative configuration of the invention is shown in Fig. 6, according to which the brake out of service 10 is formed as a fluid clutch or viscous brake / clutch, which, similarly to the centrifugal brake described above, can be integrated with the rotation mechanism 6, in particular between the driving motor 2 and the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6. As shown in Fig. 7, said viscous brake / clutch may comprise part of the disc 25, which comprises a plurality of discs positioned close together and which are rotationally accommodated in a housing part 26. The connection and torque transmission are effected through of the fluid present in the cavity of the housing part 26 and discs of the disc part 25. This fluid (in general, oil) is pressed out against the discs by the relative rotation of the disc part 25 relative to the housing part 25 and force resulting centrifuge. Due to the rotation, pressure is exerted on the housing discs, where the housing part 26 also begins to rotate. While increasing the speed, and therefore the centrifugal force, the resistance to relative rotation increases continuously, that is, the speeds of the two components are continuously approaching.
    [050] Advantageously, the disc part 25 is coupled to the transmission shaft of the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, and hence to the driving motor 2, where, possibly, however, the coupling with other rotating parts, such as wheels of the rotation mechanism, could also be affected.
    [051] The housing part 26, on the other hand, is fixedly mounted in the crane's out of service condition. This can be done in a simple way, as the aforementioned housing part 26 is coupled in a non-rotating way to the driving motor 7, which, in the condition of out of service, in turn, can be fixed by the service brake 8 of the rotation mechanism 6. In this case, a release device to allow the crane to rotate in the wind can be dispensed with or omitted, since the aforementioned viscous brake / clutch provides wind release.
    [052] To be able to deactivate the viscous brake / clutch during crane operation, the deactivation means 11 can comprise a bridge 12, which rotationally blocks the housing part 26 with the viscous brake / clutch disc part 25, this that is, it prevents the relative rotation of the viscous brake / clutch rotor and stator. The bridge 12, for example, may comprise a sliding sleeve 27, which, for example, through a keyed or jagged profile, is not rotatable, but axially movable connected to the drive shaft, to which the disk part 15 is coupled. When the sliding sleeve 27 is moved to the housing part 25 or non-rotatingly engaging it, for example, via teeth, the viscous clutch is blocked and deactivated for crane operation.
    [053] The aforementioned jumper 12 thus forms a connecting means 13 for non-rotatingly connecting the disc part 25 to the housing part 26.
    [054] Instead of the sliding sleeve 27, an axial coupling 14 can also be provided to block the viscous clutch for operation of the crane, as shown in Fig. 9. An axially adjustable coupling element can be pressed into a locking position, for example, by a spring means or similar pressure means, and relieved by an actuator, for example, in the form of an electromagnet 23, so that the viscous clutch is released.
    [055] As shown in Fig. 10, the out-of-service brake 10, for example, in the form of a viscous brake / clutch, can also be integrated not directly into the transmission train of the rotation mechanism 6, between the driving motor 7 and the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, but can be connected to the rotation mechanism 6 or to the transmission 9 of the rotation mechanism 6, via a parallel transmission bypass, to the driving motor 2, for example, via a pair of cylindrical gears 28 shown in Fig. 10, which moves the viscous brake / clutch shaft or its disc part 25. The housing part 26, in turn, can be swiveled in order to disable the viscous brake / clutch from crane operation, a coupling 14, for example, in the form of an axial coupling, as described above, can be provided similar to the means described above, whereby the viscous disc or brake / clutch part 25 can be decoupled, in order to stop, even with the rotation of the rotation mechanism 6.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    1. Crane, in particular, a tower crane, with a boom (3) pivotally mounted around an axis of vertical rotation (5) and an out-of-service brake (10), which allows and delays rotational movements of the boom ( 3) in the crane's out-of-service condition under a wind load, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) is adapted to operate according to the rotational speed, so that the applied braking torque is greater in a higher rotational speed of the crane than at a lower rotational speed of the crane.
    [0002]
    2. Crane, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) is adapted so that, until a pre-determined rotational speed of the boom (3), the braking torque is zero or at least less than a pre-determined torque, which can be generated by a pre-determined wind load on the crane, and only when the aforementioned boom rotational speed (3) is exceeded, that the braking torque is greater than the torque to be generated by the aforementioned wind load on the crane.
    [0003]
    3. Crane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the brake out of service (10) is adapted so that, by increasing the rotational speed of the boom (3), the braking torque increases continuously or incrementally .
    [0004]
    4. Crane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the brake out of service (10) is adapted to operate autonomously without external energy and / or without current.
    [0005]
    5. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) comprises a centrifugal brake.
    [0006]
    6. Crane according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the centrifugal brake comprises a fixedly mounted and / or fixable brake cylinder, and counterweights that rotate with the rotating movement of the boom (3), which are connected to pads brake pads adapted to be pressed against the brake cylinder.
    [0007]
    7. Crane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) comprises a viscous brake / clutch.
    [0008]
    8. Crane according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the viscous brake / clutch comprises a fixedly mounted or fixable housing part and a disc part which rotates with the rotating movement of the boom (3).
    [0009]
    9. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the deactivation means (11) are provided to deactivate the out-of-service brake (10) when operating the crane.
    [0010]
    10. Crane according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) is formed as a viscous brake / clutch integrated with the transmission mechanism of the rotation mechanism (6), preferably located between the driving motor (7) and the transmission (9) of the rotation mechanism (6), in which the deactivation means (11) includes a jumper (12) to release the brake out of service (10) and / or rotate lock the viscous brake / clutch parts rotatable with each other.
    [0011]
    11. Crane according to claim 10, characterized in that the jumper (12) comprises connecting means (13) preferably in the form of a toothed sliding sleeve and / or magnetic coupling part for non-rotationally connecting parts inlet and outlet of the viscous brake / clutch.
    [0012]
    Crane according to any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that a viscous brake / clutch housing part (26) is coupled non-rotationally with the driving motor (7) of the rotation mechanism (6), which driving motor (7) is adapted to be braked in the out of service condition by a service brake (8), in which the rotation mechanism (6) is formed without a release device to release the brake from service (8).
    [0013]
    13. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the deactivation means (11) includes a coupling (14) to decouple at least part of the out-of-service brake (10) from the drive train of the mechanism of rotation (6) and / or uncouple a swivelable brake part from a non-rotatable base part.
    [0014]
    14. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the deactivation means (11) includes a brake latch (15) to block the mobile brake part of the out-of-service brake (10) formed as centrifugal brake and / or axial positioning means for axially displacing the brake part of the out-of-service brake (10), formed as a centrifugal brake, to a non-engaged position.
    [0015]
    15. Crane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) is provided in addition to the service brake (8) of the rotation mechanism (6) which is provided to delay the boom rotation movement (3) during crane operation.
    [0016]
    16. Crane according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) applies a braking torque, which is less than the maximum braking torque of the service brake (8) of the rotation mechanism (6) preferably corresponds to about 30% to 70%, in particular, about 40% to 60% of the maximum braking torque of the service brake (8) of the rotation mechanism (6).
    [0017]
    17. Crane according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that on an input side of a transmission (9) of the rotation mechanism (6), the out-of-service brake (10) is connected to the drive train. transmission of the rotation mechanism (6) which transmits from the rotation driver (7) to the output element of the rotation mechanism (6).
    [0018]
    18. Crane according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the service brake (10) is provided between the driving motor (7) and an input element, in particular the transmission's central gear (sun gear) (9) of the rotation mechanism (6).
    [0019]
    19. Crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the out-of-service brake (10) is integrated with the power transmission transmission train of the rotation mechanism (6).
    [0020]
    20. Crane according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized by the fact that the brake out of service (10) is connected to the transmission (9) of the rotation mechanism (6) via the transmission bypass and / or arranged parallel to the driving motor (7) of the rotation mechanism (6).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103663214A|2014-03-26|
    EP2711331A1|2014-03-26|
    EP2711331B1|2015-05-20|
    US9327950B2|2016-05-03|
    US20140083965A1|2014-03-27|
    BR102013024528A2|2014-08-19|
    RU2013143100A|2015-03-27|
    RU2631363C2|2017-09-21|
    CN103663214B|2016-04-27|
    DE202012009167U1|2014-01-08|
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    CH537539A|1972-07-26|1973-05-31|Inventio Ag|Load-dependent braking device for conveyor systems|
    DE20218078U1|2002-11-21|2004-04-01|Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh|Slewing gear brake of a crane slewing gear|
    RU2232127C1|2003-06-24|2004-07-10|Открытое акционерное общество "Ухтинский механический завод"|Tower crane swinging mechanism|
    FR2919853B1|2007-08-10|2009-09-18|Manitowoc Crane Group F Sas|DEVICE METHOD FOR FACILITATING THE MOUNTING OF A TOWER CRANE IN A PERTURBENT WIND|
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    JP5344881B2|2008-10-02|2013-11-20|Ｉｈｉ運搬機械株式会社|Crane turning assist device in strong wind|DE102011105819A1|2011-05-27|2012-11-29|Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh|Crane with overload protection|
    DE202014001801U1|2014-02-26|2015-05-27|Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh|crane|
    DE102015104148A1|2015-03-19|2016-09-22|Gbf Gesellschaft Für Bemessungsforschung Mbh|Turning crane and method for aligning a slewing crane|
    CN105565189B|2016-02-29|2017-09-26|芜湖合建路桥机械有限公司|A kind of type derrick crane firm in structure|
    SE541642C2|2016-08-26|2019-11-19|Indexator Rotator Sys Ab|Rotator arrangement with hydraulic coupling through rotor|
    DE102016011189A1|2016-09-15|2018-03-15|Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh|Device for stabilizing a crane|
    CN106915699A|2017-04-27|2017-07-04|合肥智慧龙图腾知识产权股份有限公司|A kind of architectural engineering tower crane with lock function|
    EP3698064A4|2017-10-16|2021-07-28|Valmont Industries, Inc.|Electronic braking system for an irrigation machine|
    CN107381370A|2017-09-19|2017-11-24|安徽骏达起重机械有限公司|Multiple scalable boom cranes|
    CN107601297A|2017-09-19|2018-01-19|安徽骏达起重机械有限公司|Overturning-preventing derrick crane|
    CN107399679A|2017-09-22|2017-11-28|张家港沙工科技服务有限公司|A kind of high stability tower crane|
    CN108750964A|2018-05-29|2018-11-06|嘉善昆腾机电设备有限公司|A kind of production crane|
    FR3112336A1|2020-07-07|2022-01-14|Manitowoc Crane Group France|Tower crane with detection of a state of autorotation or oscillation of a rotating part in out of service configuration|
    法律状态:
    2014-08-19| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/09/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2021-12-14| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant [chapter 16.3 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE A RPI 2605 DE 08/12/2020, QUANTO AO ITEM (73) NOME DO TITULAR. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE202012009167.0U|DE202012009167U1|2012-09-24|2012-09-24|crane|
    DE202012009167.0|2012-09-24|
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